▷ Spring anemia of carp | Details, photos and treatment

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Brief information

Main Symptoms: Eyes protrude, big belly, inflammation
Causes: Virus attack and subsequent bacterial attack
Curability: not curable
Treatment: Anti-inflammatory antibiotics

symptoms

External symptoms:

  • One eye or both eyes are prominent.
  • The skin turns dark.
  • The stomach swells.
  • fin rot.
  • inflammation.

Behave

  • Fish become lethargic.
  • Breathing slows.
  • Fish have imbalances.
  • Infested animals go to calm water.
  • Animals doomed to die often lie on their side on the ground and only swim up briefly.

internal symptoms

  • bleeding from internal organs.

photos

Photos: Erwin Wierer

causes

Spring anemia in carp is also known as SVC (Spring Viremia of Carp). The disease is caused by the Rhabdovirus carpio virus. SVC was first recognized in Yugoslavia in 1971 and has also been found in Europe, Russia and the Middle East in subsequent years. Meanwhile, SVC has also been found in the USA.

The virus infects the fish through the gills and multiplies in the gill tissue. The virus is spread via feces and blood-sucking parasites such as argulus and leeches. Because the viruses can survive in water and mud for up to 42 days, birds can also be used as carriers. Female animals may pass the virus on to their offspring.

As the name suggests, the disease often occurs in spring. It is likely that the animals, exhausted by the winter, are then particularly susceptible to the virus. There is also evidence that the animals are not as sensitive to the virus at water temperatures above 22°C as at lower temperatures. The optimum temperature for virus proliferation appears to be between 20 and 22°C. This temperature range is also the optimal range for the immune response of the infected fish. The death rate of infected animals appears to be highest below 18°C.

The fish infected by the virus are often also infected by bacteria of the Aeromonas genus, A. salmonicida or A. hydrophila. These lead to symptoms such as pop eyes, swollen bellies and inflammation. Infected fish can die both from the virus and from the secondary diseases.

Fish suffering from stress such as overstocking, poor water quality, malnutrition and sudden temperature changes are particularly vulnerable.

treatment suggestions

A veterinarian should always be consulted if SVC occurs. This can also clarify whether the disease is currently notifiable. Bleeding from the swim bladder is considered a clear sign of SVC.

There is no known antiviral treatment. The bacterial sequelae can be treated with antibiotics. 20 to 30 percent of the infected animals die, even if remedies are given and the husbandry conditions are optimized.

An increase in water temperature above 20°C may prevent further spread.

After the occurrence of SVC, the fish stock should be kept as low as possible and all areas in which infected animals were kept should be disinfected. Disinfection can be difficult or impossible because the viruses survive for a long time in water and mud.

Formalin, ozone, sodium hypochlorite with a chlorine content of 0.05% for 10 minutes (active chlorine in mold removers and pipe cleaners), pH values ​​below 4 or above 10 and temperatures above 60°C for 15 minutes are suitable for disinfection.

Further information

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